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Jinshanling
section of the Great Wall is situated 120 kilometers from Beijing,
where the boundaries of Miyun County and Luanping County of
Hebei Province. The name of Jinshanling derived from the greater
and lesser Jinshanling Mountains. First built in 1368 AD, or
the first year of Hongwu Reign of the Ming Dynasty, this section
of the Great Wall enjoys a total length of 10.5 kilometers.
In 1567 AD, the first year of Longqi Reign of the Ming Dynasty,
it was maintained and strengthened by Qijiguang and Tanlun who
were the generals and commanders along the Great Wall. There
are five passes in different sizes, two beacon towers and 67
combat towers in diverse forms.
Particular characteristics
As
this section was a strategic military area in the past, some of
the structures are particular. Designs of several combat towers
are ingenious. Usually there are two gates in each tower that
provide two entrances to the wall. On one hand, the soldiers could
patrol backwards and forwards and offer an urgent aid effectively
and conveniently while they were on guard. On the other hand,
it would be easy conquered if the enemy mounted the Great Wall.
In order to avoid this problem, several combat towers of Jinshanling
section have no gate at all. If one wanted to enter the tower,
he would get out the Great Wall from an arch, which was opened
in the inner wall, get to the tower by a path and finally climb
a ladder to a small opening of the tower, looked like an embrasure
window. If the soldiers wanted to get to the other side of the
Great Wall, they could just go ahead the path and get to another
arch.
There is a 2.5-meter-tall parapet, with embrasures, stand atop
the walls on both sides of a watchtower for shooting and observational
purposes, so that even if the enemy had mounted the Great Wall,
the defenders could still put up a resistance. The horse-refraining
walls, crenellations, hollow watchtowers, and warehouse towers,
are all unique in the Jinshanling section of the Great Wall. It¡¯s
side that Jinshanling section of the Great Wall is the most magnificent
section along the ¡°Ten Thousand-li-long Wall¡±.
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